Cell Specification
Adipocytes play an important role in energy storage and metabolism. Adipocyte differentiation is a developmental process that is critical for metabolic homeostasis and nutrient signaling. It is controlled by complex actions involving gene expression and signal transduction [1]. Preadipocytes are present throughout adult life in adipose tissues and can proliferate and differentiate into mature adipocytes according to the energy balance [2]. The proliferation and differentiation of these preadipocytes contribute to increases in adipose tissue mass. In vitro study indicates that different tissue-derived preadipocytes exhibit differently in lipid accumulation, adipogenic transcription factor expression, and TNFalpha-induced apoptosis [3]. It has also been demonstrated that there is a close relationship between adipocyte differentiation and many physiological and pathological processes including fat metabolism, energy balance, obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and breast cancer.

HPA from ScienCell Research Laboratories are isolated from human visceral fat tissue. HPA are cryopreserved at primary culture and delivered frozen. Each vial contains >1 x 10⁶ cells in 1 ml volume. HPA are characterized by immunofluorescent method with antibodies to CD44, CD90 and lipid staining after differentiation. HPA are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast and fungi. HPA are guaranteed to further culture at the conditions provided by ScienCell Research Laboratories.

Recommended Medium
It is recommended to use Preadipocyte Medium (PAM, Cat. No. 7211) for the culturing of HPA in vitro.

Product Use
HPA are for research use only. It is not approved for human or animal use, or for application in in vitro diagnostic procedures.

Storage
Directly and immediately transfer cells from dry ice to liquid nitrogen upon receiving and keep the cells in liquid nitrogen until cell culture is needed for experiments.

Shipping
Dry ice.

Reference
[1] Tominaga, K., Johmura, Y., Nishizuka, M., Imagawa, M. (2004) Fad24, a mammalian homolog of Noc3p, is a positive regulator in adipocyte differentiation. J Cell Sci. 117(Pt 25):6217-26.
[2] Reue, K., Glueck, S. B. (2001) Accumulating evidence for differences during preadipocyte development: Focus on "Differential gene expression in white and brown preadipocytes". Physiol Genomics. 7(1):1-2.
[3] Tchkonia, T. et al. (2005) Abundance of Two Human Preadipocyte Subtypes with Distinct Capacities for Replication, Adipogenesis, and Apoptosis Varies among Fat Depots. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 288(1):E267-77.